Spring 事务全链路解析（五）：AbstractPlatformTransactionManager 的事务生命周期

约 3661 字大约 12 分钟

2026-05-24

在上一篇文章中,我们追踪了TransactionInterceptor如何开启事务,最终调用了AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.getTransaction()方法。但这个方法是事务管理的真正核心,它实现了标准的事务生命周期管理。

// AbstractPlatformTransactionManager的模板方法
public final TransactionStatus getTransaction(@Nullable TransactionDefinition definition) {
    // 1. 获取事务对象
    Object transaction = doGetTransaction();
    
    // 2. 检查是否存在事务
    if (isExistingTransaction(transaction)) {
        // 处理现有事务(传播行为)
        return handleExistingTransaction(def, transaction, debugEnabled);
    }
    
    // 3. 创建新事务
    return startTransaction(def, transaction, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
}

本文将深入分析AbstractPlatformTransactionManager的完整事务生命周期,包括事务的传播、挂起、恢复、提交和回滚。

一、PlatformTransactionManager 接口的设计哲学"

先看 PlatformTransactionManager 接口的定义：

// 类路径：org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager
public interface PlatformTransactionManager {

    /**
     * 获取事务状态。
     * 
     * 【核心方法】：根据传播行为，决定是新建事务、加入当前事务、
     * 还是以非事务方式执行。
     * 
     * @param definition 事务定义（包含传播行为、隔离级别等）
     * @return 事务状态（TransactionStatus）
     * @throws TransactionException 如果获取事务失败
     */
    TransactionStatus getTransaction(@Nullable TransactionDefinition definition)
            throws TransactionException;

    /**
     * 提交事务。
     * 
     * 【核心方法】：提交事务。
     * 
     * 如果事务被标记为 rollback-only，会回滚而不是提交。
     * 
     * @param status 事务状态
     * @throws TransactionException 如果提交失败
     */
    void commit(TransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException;

    /**
     * 回滚事务。
     * 
     * 【核心方法】：回滚事务。
     * 
     * @param status 事务状态
     * @throws TransactionException 如果回滚失败
     */
    void rollback(TransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException;
}

设计哲学 1：接口隔离原则

PlatformTransactionManager 只定义了 3 个方法：

getTransaction()：获取事务
commit()：提交事务
rollback()：回滚事务

为什么这么设计？

因为事务的核心操作就是：获取、提交、回滚。其他的都是"实现细节"。

一、AbstractPlatformTransactionManager的架构设计

1.1 模板方法模式的应用

AbstractPlatformTransactionManager是Spring事务管理的核心基类,它采用了经典的模板方法模式:

PlatformTransactionManager (接口)
    ↑
    │
AbstractPlatformTransactionManager (抽象类)
    │ ← 实现标准事务管理流程
    │
    ├─ DataSourceTransactionManager (JDBC事务)
    ├─ JpaTransactionManager (JPA事务)
    ├─ HibernateTransactionManager (Hibernate事务)
    └─ JtaTransactionManager (分布式事务)

模板方法模式的精髓:

父类定义流程:抽象类定义事务管理的标准流程
子类实现细节:具体子类实现特定平台的细节操作

1.2 核心模板方法

public abstract class AbstractPlatformTransactionManager 
        implements PlatformTransactionManager, Serializable {
    
    // ========== 标准流程(父类实现) ==========
    
    @Override
    public final TransactionStatus getTransaction(...) {
        // 标准的事务获取流程
        Object transaction = doGetTransaction();  // ← 子类实现
        if (isExistingTransaction(transaction)) {  // ← 子类实现
            return handleExistingTransaction(...);
        }
        return startTransaction(...);
    }
    
    @Override
    public final void commit(TransactionStatus status) {
        // 标准的提交流程
        if (status.isLocalRollbackOnly()) {
            processRollback(...);
        } else {
            processCommit(...);  // ← 调用doCommit(子类实现)
        }
    }
    
    @Override
    public final void rollback(TransactionStatus status) {
        // 标准的回滚流程
        processRollback(...);  // ← 调用doRollback(子类实现)
    }
    
    // ========== 抽象方法(子类必须实现) ==========
    
    protected abstract Object doGetTransaction() throws TransactionException;
    protected abstract boolean isExistingTransaction(Object transaction);
    protected abstract void doBegin(Object transaction, TransactionDefinition definition);
    protected abstract void doCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status);
    protected abstract void doRollback(DefaultTransactionStatus status);
    protected abstract void doSetRollbackOnly(DefaultTransactionStatus status);
    
    // ========== 可选方法(子类可选择实现) ==========
    protected Object doSuspend(Object transaction) { throw new ...; }
    protected void doResume(Object transaction, Object suspendedResources) { }
    protected void doCleanupAfterCompletion(Object transaction) { }
}

设计优势:

统一的事务管理逻辑:传播行为、同步机制等在父类统一实现
灵活的扩展性:不同数据访问技术只需实现特定方法
代码复用:避免每个事务管理器都实现相同的逻辑

二、事务的完整生命周期

2.1 生命周期概览

一个完整的事务生命周期包括:

创建 → 执行业务 → 提交/回滚 → 清理
  ↑         ↑          ↑         ↑
doBegin   业务方法   doCommit  doCleanupAfterCompletion
                      doRollback

2.2 startTransaction:启动新事务

源码位置:spring-tx/src/main/java/org/springframework/transaction/support/AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java

private TransactionStatus startTransaction(TransactionDefinition definition,
        Object transaction,
        boolean debugEnabled,
        @Nullable SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResources) {
    
    // 1. 是否启用事务同步
    boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
    
    // 2. 创建事务状态对象
    DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
            definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
    
    // 3. 调用子类的doBegin方法(真正开启事务)
    doBegin(transaction, definition);
    
    // 4. 准备事务同步
    prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
    
    return status;
}

关键步骤:

创建DefaultTransactionStatus记录事务状态
调用doBegin()由子类真正开启事务
初始化事务同步机制

2.3 newTransactionStatus:创建事务状态

protected DefaultTransactionStatus newTransactionStatus(
        TransactionDefinition definition,
        @Nullable Object transaction,
        boolean newTransaction,
        boolean newSynchronization,
        boolean debug,
        @Nullable Object suspendedResources) {
    
    // 检查事务激活状态
    boolean actualNewSynchronization = newSynchronization &&
            !TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive();
    
    // 如果是新同步,激活同步管理器
    if (actualNewSynchronization) {
        TransactionSynchronizationManager.setActualTransactionActive(true);
        TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel(
                (definition.getIsolationLevel() != TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_DEFAULT) 
                ? definition.getIsolationLevel() : null);
        TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionReadOnly(
                definition.isReadOnly());
        TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionName(
                definition.getName());
        TransactionSynchronizationManager.initSynchronization();
    }
    
    return new DefaultTransactionStatus(
            transaction, newTransaction, newSynchronization,
            actualNewSynchronization, debug, suspendedResources);
}

设置的事务属性:

actualTransactionActive:标记事务是否活跃
currentTransactionIsolationLevel:当前隔离级别
currentTransactionReadOnly:只读标记
currentTransactionName:事务名称

三、事务传播行为的完整实现

3.1 handleExistingTransaction:处理现有事务

当检测到已存在事务时,根据传播行为采取不同策略:

private TransactionStatus handleExistingTransaction(
        TransactionDefinition definition,
        Object transaction,
        boolean debugEnabled) throws TransactionException {

    // ========== PROPAGATION_NEVER:不允许有事务 ==========
    if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NEVER) {
        throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
                "Existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation 'never'");
    }

    // ========== PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED:挂起事务,非事务执行 ==========
    if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
        if (debugEnabled) {
            logger.debug("Suspending current transaction");
        }
        
        // 挂起现有事务
        Object suspendedResources = suspend(transaction);
        
        try {
            // 创建非事务状态
            return prepareTransactionStatus(
                    definition, null, false, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
        }
        catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {
            // 恢复事务
            resume(transaction, suspendedResources);
            throw ex;
        }
    }

    // ========== PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW:挂起旧事务,创建新事务 ==========
    if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW) {
        if (debugEnabled) {
            logger.debug("Suspending current transaction, creating new transaction with name [" +
                    definition.getName() + "]");
        }
        
        // 挂起现有事务
        SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResources = suspend(transaction);
        
        try {
            // 启动新事务
            return startTransaction(definition, transaction, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
        }
        catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {
            // 恢复事务
            resume(transaction, suspendedResources);
            throw ex;
        }
    }

    // ========== PROPAGATION_NESTED:创建嵌套事务 ==========
    if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED) {
        if (!isNestedTransactionAllowed()) {
            throw new NestedTransactionNotSupportedException(
                    "Transaction manager does not allow nested transactions");
        }
        
        if (debugEnabled) {
            logger.debug("Creating nested transaction with name [" + definition.getName() + "]");
        }
        
        // 创建savepoint
        if (useSavepointForNestedTransaction()) {
            // 使用JDBC Savepoint
            DefaultTransactionStatus status = prepareTransactionStatus(
                    definition, transaction, false, false, debugEnabled, null);
            status.createAndHoldSavepoint();
            return status;
        }
        else {
            // 创建完整新事务(嵌套)
            return startTransaction(definition, transaction, debugEnabled, null);
        }
    }

    // ========== PROPAGATION_REQUIRED / SUPPORTS / MANDATORY:加入现有事务 ==========
    if (debugEnabled) {
        logger.debug("Participating in existing transaction");
    }
    
    // 检查是否需要验证现有事务
    if (isValidateExistingTransaction()) {
        // 验证隔离级别和只读设置
        // ...
    }
    
    // 加入现有事务
    boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
    return prepareTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, false, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
}

3.2 事务挂起机制

protected final SuspendedResourcesHolder suspend(@Nullable Object transaction) 
        throws TransactionException {
    
    // 1. 检查是否有活跃的事务同步
    if (TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive()) {
        // 挂起所有同步回调
        List<TransactionSynchronization> suspendedSynchronizations = 
            doSuspendSynchronization();
        try {
            Object suspendedResources = null;
            if (transaction != null) {
                // 2. 挂起事务资源(由子类实现)
                suspendedResources = doSuspend(transaction);
            }
            
            // 3. 解除ThreadLocal绑定
            String name = TransactionSynchronizationManager.getCurrentTransactionName();
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionName(null);
            
            boolean readOnly = TransactionSynchronizationManager.isCurrentTransactionReadOnly();
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionReadOnly(false);
            
            Integer isolationLevel = TransactionSynchronizationManager.getCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel();
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel(null);
            
            boolean wasActive = TransactionSynchronizationManager.isActualTransactionActive();
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.setActualTransactionActive(false);
            
            // 4. 返回挂起的资源
            return new SuspendedResourcesHolder(
                    suspendedResources, suspendedSynchronizations, name, readOnly, isolationLevel, wasActive);
        }
        catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {
            doResumeSynchronization(suspendedSynchronizations);
            throw ex;
        }
    }
    else if (transaction != null) {
        // 没有同步,但有事务
        Object suspendedResources = doSuspend(transaction);
        return new SuspendedResourcesHolder(suspendedResources);
    }
    else {
        return null;
    }
}

3.3 DataSourceTransactionManager的doSuspend实现

源码位置:spring-jdbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/jdbc/datasource/DataSourceTransactionManager.java

@Override
protected Object doSuspend(Object transaction) {
    DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) transaction;
    
    // 清空事务对象的ConnectionHolder
    txObject.setConnectionHolder(null);
    
    // 从ThreadLocal解绑并返回
    return TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(obtainDataSource());
}

关键操作:

将ConnectionHolder从TransactionSynchronizationManager解绑
返回解绑的资源,以便后续恢复

3.4 事务恢复机制

protected final void resume(@Nullable Object transaction, 
                           @Nullable SuspendedResourcesHolder resourcesHolder)
        throws TransactionException {
    
    if (resourcesHolder != null) {
        Object suspendedResources = resourcesHolder.suspendedResources;
        
        if (suspendedResources != null) {
            // 恢复事务资源(由子类实现)
            doResume(transaction, suspendedResources);
        }
        
        // 恢复事务同步
        List<TransactionSynchronization> suspendedSynchronizations = 
            resourcesHolder.suspendedSynchronizations;
        
        if (suspendedSynchronizations != null) {
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.setActualTransactionActive(
                resourcesHolder.wasActive);
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel(
                resourcesHolder.isolationLevel);
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionReadOnly(
                resourcesHolder.readOnly);
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionName(
                resourcesHolder.name);
            
            // 重新激活同步
            doResumeSynchronization(suspendedSynchronizations);
        }
    }
}

3.5 DataSourceTransactionManager的doResume实现

@Override
protected void doResume(@Nullable Object transaction, Object suspendedResources) {
    // 将ConnectionHolder重新绑定到ThreadLocal
    TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(obtainDataSource(), suspendedResources);
}

四、事务提交机制

4.1 commit方法:标准提交流程

@Override
public final void commit(TransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException {
    // 1. 检查事务状态
    if (status.isCompleted()) {
        throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
                "Transaction is already completed - do not call commit or rollback");
    }
    
    DefaultTransactionStatus defStatus = (DefaultTransactionStatus) status;
    
    // 2. 检查是否标记为rollback-only
    if (defStatus.isLocalRollbackOnly()) {
        if (defStatus.isDebug()) {
            logger.debug("Transactional code has requested rollback");
        }
        // 执行回滚
        processRollback(defStatus, false);
        return;
    }
    
    // 3. 检查是否应该提交
    if (!shouldCommitOnGlobalRollbackOnly() && defStatus.isGlobalRollbackOnly()) {
        if (defStatus.isDebug()) {
            logger.debug("Global transaction is marked as rollback-only");
        }
        // 执行回滚
        processRollback(defStatus, true);
        return;
    }
    
    // 4. 执行提交
    processCommit(defStatus);
}

提交条件:

事务未完成
未标记为rollback-only

4.2 processCommit:处理提交

private void processCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException {
    try {
        boolean beforeCompletionInvoked = false;

        try {
            boolean unexpectedRollback = false;
            prepareForCommit(status);
            
            // 1. 提交前回调
            doBeginBeforeCompletion(status);
            beforeCompletionInvoked = true;

            // 2. 触发beforeCommit同步回调
            boolean beforeCommitInvoked = false;
            if (!status.isNewSynchronization()) {
                TriggerBeforeCommitTrigger(status);
            }
            beforeCommitInvoked = true;

            // 3. 调用子类的doCommit(真正提交)
            doCommit(status);

            // 4. 标记为意外回滚(如果全局标记)
            unexpectedRollback = status.isGlobalRollbackOnly();

            // 5. 提交后回调
            doAfterCommit(status);

            // 6. 触发afterCommit同步回调
            triggerAfterCommit(status);
            
            // 7. 标记意外回滚
            if (unexpectedRollback) {
                throw new UnexpectedRollbackException(
                        "Transaction silently rolled back because it has been marked as rollback-only");
            }
        }
        finally {
            // 8. 完成清理
            cleanupAfterCompletion(status);
        }
    }
    catch (TransactionSystemException ex) {
        // 提交失败,触发回滚
        if (isRollbackOnCommitFailure()) {
            doRollbackOnCommitException(status, ex);
        }
        else {
            throw ex;
        }
    }
    catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {
        // 其他异常
        if (isRollbackOnCommitFailure()) {
            doRollbackOnCommitException(status, ex);
        }
        else {
            throw ex;
        }
    }
}

4.3 DataSourceTransactionManager的doCommit实现

@Override
protected void doCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
    DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) status.getTransaction();
    Connection con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();
    
    if (status.isDebug()) {
        logger.debug("Committing JDBC transaction on Connection [" + con + "]");
    }
    
    try {
        // 调用JDBC的commit方法
        con.commit();
    }
    catch (SQLException ex) {
        throw translateException("JDBC commit", ex);
    }
}

核心操作:直接调用Connection.commit()

五、事务回滚机制

5.1 rollback方法

@Override
public final void rollback(TransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException {
    if (status.isCompleted()) {
        throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
                "Transaction is already completed - do not call commit or rollback");
    }
    
    DefaultTransactionStatus defStatus = (DefaultTransactionStatus) status;
    processRollback(defStatus, false);
}

5.2 processRollback:处理回滚

private void processRollback(DefaultTransactionStatus status, boolean unexpected) {
    try {
        boolean unexpectedRollback = unexpected;

        try {
            // 1. 触发beforeCompletion回调
            triggerBeforeCompletion(status);

            // 2. 检查是否有savepoint(嵌套事务)
            if (status.hasSavepoint()) {
                if (status.isDebug()) {
                    logger.debug("Rolling back transaction to savepoint");
                }
                // 回滚到savepoint
                status.rollbackToHeldSavepoint();
            }
            // 3. 检查是否是新事务
            else if (status.isNewTransaction()) {
                if (status.isDebug()) {
                    logger.debug("Initiating transaction rollback");
                }
                // 调用子类的doRollback(真正回滚)
                doRollback(status);
            }
            else {
                // 参与现有事务,只标记rollback-only
                if (status.hasTransaction()) {
                    if (status.isLocalRollbackOnly() 
                        || isGlobalRollbackOnParticipationFailure()) {
                        if (status.isDebug()) {
                            logger.debug("Participating transaction failed - marking existing transaction as rollback-only");
                        }
                        doSetRollbackOnly(status);
                    }
                }
                else {
                    logger.debug("Should roll back transaction but cannot");
                }
            }

            // 检查是否应该在提交失败后回滚
            if (!unexpectedRollback) {
                doCleanupAfterCompletion(status.getTransaction());
            }
        }
        finally {
            // 完成清理
            cleanupAfterCompletion(status);
        }
    }
    catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {
        throw ex;
    }
}

5.3 DataSourceTransactionManager的doRollback实现

@Override
protected void doRollback(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
    DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) status.getTransaction();
    Connection con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();
    
    if (status.isDebug()) {
        logger.debug("Rolling back JDBC transaction on Connection [" + con + "]");
    }
    
    try {
        // 调用JDBC的rollback方法
        con.rollback();
    }
    catch (SQLException ex) {
        throw translateException("JDBC rollback", ex);
    }
}

核心操作:直接调用Connection.rollback()

六、事务同步机制

6.1 TransactionSynchronization接口

public interface TransactionSynchronization extends Ordered, Flushable {
    
    int STATUS_COMMITTED = 0;
    int STATUS_ROLLED_BACK = 1;
    int STATUS_UNKNOWN = 2;

    // 事务挂起时调用
    default void suspend() { }
    
    // 事务恢复时调用
    default void resume() { }
    
    // 刷新资源(如Hibernate Session)
    @Override
    default void flush() { }
    
    // 提交前调用
    default void beforeCommit(boolean readOnly) { }
    
    // 完成前调用(提交或回滚前)
    default void beforeCompletion() { }
    
    // 提交后调用
    default void afterCommit() { }
    
    // 完成后调用(提交或回滚后)
    default void afterCompletion(int status) { }
}

6.2 同步回调的注册

// 注册同步回调
public static void registerTransactionSynchronization(TransactionSynchronization synchronization) {
    synchronizations.get().add(synchronization);
}

典型应用:

// MyBatis注册Connection同步回调
TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(
    new TransactionSynchronization() {
        @Override
        public void beforeCompletion() {
            // 事务完成前关闭SqlSession
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }
);

6.3 触发同步回调

private void triggerBeforeCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
    if (status.isNewSynchronization()) {
        List<TransactionSynchronization> synchronizations = 
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.getSynchronizations();
        
        TransactionSynchronizationUtils.triggerBeforeCommit(
            status.isReadOnly(), synchronizations);
    }
}

private void triggerBeforeCompletion(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
    if (status.isNewSynchronization()) {
        List<TransactionSynchronization> synchronizations = 
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.getSynchronizations();
        
        TransactionSynchronizationUtils.triggerBeforeCompletion(synchronizations);
    }
}

private void triggerAfterCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
    if (status.isNewSynchronization()) {
        List<TransactionSynchronization> synchronizations = 
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.getSynchronizations();
        
        TransactionSynchronizationUtils.triggerAfterCommit(synchronizations);
    }
}

private void triggerAfterCompletion(DefaultTransactionStatus status, int status) {
    if (status.isNewSynchronization()) {
        List<TransactionSynchronization> synchronizations = 
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.getSynchronizations();
        
        TransactionSynchronizationUtils.triggerAfterCompletion(synchronizations, status);
    }
}

七、事务清理机制

7.1 cleanupAfterCompletion

private void cleanupAfterCompletion(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
    // 1. 标记为已完成
    status.setCompleted();
    
    // 2. 清理同步
    if (status.isNewSynchronization()) {
        TransactionSynchronizationManager.clearSynchronization();
        TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionName(null);
        TransactionSynchronizationManager.setActualTransactionActive(false);
        TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionReadOnly(false);
        TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel(
                TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_DEFAULT);
    }
    
    // 3. 恢复挂起的事务
    if (status.getSuspendedResources() != null) {
        Object transaction = (status.hasTransaction() ? status.getTransaction() : null);
        resume(transaction, status.getSuspendedResources());
    }
    
    // 4. 清理事务资源
    if (status.getTransaction() != null) {
        doCleanupAfterCompletion(status.getTransaction());
    }
}

7.2 DataSourceTransactionManager的doCleanupAfterCompletion实现

@Override
protected void doCleanupAfterCompletion(Object transaction) {
    DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) transaction;

    // 1. 从ThreadLocal移除ConnectionHolder
    if (txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()) {
        TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(obtainDataSource());
    }

    // 2. 重置连接
    Connection con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();
    try {
        // 恢复自动提交
        if (txObject.isMustRestoreAutoCommit()) {
            con.setAutoCommit(true);
        }
        // 重置隔离级别和只读标记
        DataSourceUtils.resetConnectionAfterTransaction(
                con, txObject.getPreviousIsolationLevel(), txObject.isReadOnly());
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        logger.debug("Could not reset JDBC Connection after transaction", ex);
    }

    // 3. 释放连接(返回连接池)
    if (txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()) {
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Releasing JDBC Connection [" + con + "] after transaction");
        }
        DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, this.dataSource);
    }

    // 4. 清空ConnectionHolder
    txObject.getConnectionHolder().clear();
}

关键步骤:

从ThreadLocal解绑
恢复连接状态(自动提交、隔离级别)
释放连接(返回连接池)
清空ConnectionHolder

八、完整的事务生命周期时序图

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  事务开始                                                        │
└────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┘
                     │
                     ↓
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.getTransaction()            │
│                                                                 │
│  1. doGetTransaction()                                          │
│     → DataSourceTransactionManager.doGetTransaction()           │
│     → 创建DataSourceTransactionObject                           │
│     → 从ThreadLocal获取ConnectionHolder                          │
│                                                                 │
│  2. isExistingTransaction()                                     │
│     → 判断是否有活跃事务                                         │
│                                                                 │
│  3. 不存在事务 → startTransaction()                             │
└────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┘
                     │
                     ↓
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  startTransaction()                                             │
│                                                                 │
│  1. newTransactionStatus()                                      │
│     → 创建DefaultTransactionStatus                              │
│     → 激活TransactionSynchronizationManager                     │
│                                                                 │
│  2. doBegin(transaction, definition)                            │
│     → DataSourceTransactionManager.doBegin()                    │
│     → dataSource.getConnection()  ← 从连接池获取连接             │
│     → con.setAutoCommit(false)  ← 关闭自动提交                   │
│     → 设置隔离级别、只读、超时                                   │
│     → TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource()          │
│        绑定ConnectionHolder到ThreadLocal                         │
│                                                                 │
│  3. prepareSynchronization()                                    │
│     → 初始化事务同步                                             │
└────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┘
                     │
                     ↓
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  执行业务方法                                                    │
│  → userRepository.save(user)                                    │
│  → 使用同一个Connection执行SQL                                   │
└────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┘
                     │
                     ↓ (正常完成)
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.commit()                    │
│                                                                 │
│  1. 检查是否标记rollback-only                                    │
│     → 否,继续提交                                                │
│                                                                 │
│  2. processCommit()                                             │
│     → triggerBeforeCommit()  ← 触发提交前回调                    │
│     → doCommit(status)                                        │
│        → DataSourceTransactionManager.doCommit()                │
│        → con.commit()  ← JDBC提交                               │
│     → triggerAfterCommit()   ← 触发提交后回调                    │
│     → cleanupAfterCompletion()                                  │
│        → 清理ThreadLocal                                         │
│        → 恢复连接状态                                            │
│        → 释放连接(返回连接池)                                     │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
                     │
                     ↓ (发生异常)
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.rollback()                  │
│                                                                 │
│  1. processRollback()                                           │
│     → triggerBeforeCompletion()  ← 触发完成前回调                │
│                                                                 │
│  2. 检查是否有savepoint(嵌套事务)                                │
│     → 有: rollbackToHeldSavepoint()                             │
│     → 无:继续                                                    │
│                                                                 │
│  3. 检查是否是新事务                                             │
│     → 是: doRollback(status)                                    │
│        → DataSourceTransactionManager.doRollback()              │
│        → con.rollback()  ← JDBC回滚                             │
│     → 否: doSetRollbackOnly()  ← 标记rollback-only              │
│                                                                 │
│  4. cleanupAfterCompletion()                                    │
│     → 清理ThreadLocal                                           │
│     → 恢复连接状态                                              │
│     → 释放连接(返回连接池)                                       │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

九、关键问题解答

Q1:嵌套事务是如何实现的?

@Transactional
public void outerMethod() {
    // 外层事务
    
    innerMethod();  // 调用嵌套事务方法
}

@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.NESTED)
public void innerMethod() {
    // 嵌套事务
    // 如果这里抛异常,只会回滚到savepoint
    // 外层事务可以选择捕获异常继续执行
}

实现机制:

// 创建savepoint
status.createAndHoldSavepoint();

// SavepointManager实现
public void createAndHoldSavepoint() throws TransactionException {
    setSavepoint(getSavepointManager().createSavepoint());
}

// JDBC Savepoint
public Object createSavepoint() throws SQLException {
    Connection con = getConnection();
    return con.setSavepoint();  // JDBC 3.0 Savepoint
}

Q2:事务传播行为REQUIRED和REQUIRES_NEW的底层区别?

REQUIRED:

ThreadLocal:
  ConnectionHolder → conn1

执行:
  outerMethod() → 使用conn1
  innerMethod() → 使用conn1 (同一个)

REQUIRES_NEW:

外层事务开始:
  ThreadLocal:
    ConnectionHolder → conn1

内层事务开始(suspend):
  1. 解绑conn1
  2. 保存到SuspendedResourcesHolder
  3. 获取新连接conn2
  ThreadLocal:
    ConnectionHolder → conn2 (新的)

执行:
  outerMethod() → 使用conn1 (挂起)
  innerMethod() → 使用conn2 (新的)

内层事务结束(resume):
  1. 释放conn2
  2. 恢复conn1
  ThreadLocal:
    ConnectionHolder → conn1 (恢复)

Q3:什么情况下事务会失效?

同类内部调用:this.method()不走代理
非public方法:@Transactional只能用于public方法
异常被捕获:异常未抛出,事务管理器无法捕获
数据库引擎不支持:如MySQL MyISAM不支持事务
多数据源未正确配置:使用了错误的事务管理器

十、总结与伏笔

通过本文的深入分析,我们完整理解了AbstractPlatformTransactionManager的事务生命周期:

模板方法模式:父类定义流程,子类实现细节
事务传播行为:7种传播行为的完整实现
事务挂起与恢复:ThreadLocal的绑定与解绑
事务提交:con.commit()的标准流程
事务回滚:con.rollback()的标准流程
事务同步:回调机制的设计与应用
事务清理:资源释放与状态恢复

但还有一个关键问题:TransactionSynchronizationManager的ThreadLocal机制是如何工作的?

ThreadLocal的底层数据结构是什么?
ConnectionHolder如何封装数据库连接?
资源绑定的完整流程是怎样的?
多线程环境下如何保证线程安全?

版权所有

版权归属：今朝· Liushigong · Relax Box

许可证：署名-非商业性 4.0 国际 (CC-BY-NC-4.0)